Supplementary analyses show that male delinquents face major disadvantages in social relationships in school settings and display lower levels of educational aspirations as well as effort. Among males, sibling fixed-effects estimates suggest that a one-standard-deviation increase in delinquent involvement is associated with a reduction in 0.23 years of schooling and a 4.6 percentage point increase in the probability of high school dropout. This study finds that controlling for unobserved family-level heterogeneity substantially attenuates the association between juvenile delinquency and educational attainment among females, making it no longer statistically significant. Results: Nearly half of the association between juvenile delinquency and educational attainment is attributable to unobservable factors related to family background. As a sensitivity check, I explore whether observed gender differences are robust to different measurements of delinquency and the potential presence of sibling spillover effects. Methods: In order to account for the influence of unobservable family-background factors, this study applies sibling fixed-effects models on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Objectives: This study examines: (a) whether the association between juvenile delinquency and educational attainment differs by gender, and (b) which factors underlie such gender differences. We discuss these findings in light of links between status attainment models and theories of crime and delinquency.
Overall, the data suggest that delinquency has autonomous and negative effects on later life chances. Delinquency also has a fairly consistent impact on male occupational outcomes, but has weaker effects on female occupational outcomes. We find that all types of delinquency have consistently significant and negative impacts on educational attainment among both males and females, net of status attainment variables. Using a variety of regression models, we explore whether delinquency has negative zero-order effects, and negative partial effects net of standard status attainment variables. We measure delinquency as the prevalence of skipping school, drug use, violent behavior, engaging in property crime, and contact with the criminal justice system. From the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth we measure five forms of delinquency from 1979 when respondents were 14-17 years old, and investigate whether they predict five different outcomes when those individuals were aged twenty-five to thirty. This paper examines whether and how teen delinquency is consequential for a variety of educational and employment outcomes.
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